FishBase, Nelson, and Pietsch list eighteen families, but ITIS lists only sixteen. The following taxa have been arranged to show their evolutionary relationships.
- Suborder Lophioidei
- Lophiidae (goosefishes or monkfishes)
- Suborder Antennarioidei
- Antennariidae (frogfishes)
- Tetrabrachiidae (four-armed frogfishes)
- Brachionichthyidae (handfishes)
- Lophichthyidae (Boschma's frogfish — monotypic)
- Suborder Chaunacoidei
- Suborder Ogcocephaloidei
- Ogcocephalidae (batfishes)
- Suborder Ceratioidei (deepsea families)
- Centrophrynidae (prickly seadevils — monotypic)
- Ceratiidae (warty seadevils)
- Himantolophidae (footballfishes)
- Diceratiidae (doublespine seadevils)
- Melanocetidae (black seadevils)
- Thaumatichthyidae (wolf-trap seadevils)
- Oneirodidae (dreamers)
- Caulophrynidae (fanfin seadevils)
- Neoceratiidae (needlebeard seadevil — monotypic)
- Gigantactinidae (whipnose seadevils)
- Linophrynidae (leftvent seadevils)
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